Muscle Origin Insertion Action (Concentric Contraction)
Abductor Pollicis Brevis Scaphoid, trapezium, and flexor retinaculum Phalanx of digit 1 Abduction and extension of 1st digit
Abductor Pollicis Longus Proximal ulna and middle radius 1st metacarpal Abduction and extension of 1st digit
Anconeus Posterior lateral epicondyle of humerus Posterior proximal ulna Extension of elbow
Anterior scalene Transverse processes C3-C6 1st rib Lateral flexion of cervical spine; elevation of rib during inspiration
Biceps Brachii Supraglenoid tubercle and corocoid process of scapula Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis Flexion of shoulder; flexion and supination of elbow
Brachialis Anterior, distal humerus Coronoid process of ulna Flexion of elbow
Brachioradialis Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus Radial styloid process Flexion of elbow
Corocobrachialis Corocoid process of scapula Medial, mid-humerus Flexion, adduction, and horizontal adduction of the shoulder
Deltoid Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Deltoid tuberosity of humerus Flexion, extension, internal rotation, external rotation, horizontal abduction, horizontal adduction, and abduction of shoulder
Diaphragm Thoracolumbar fascia, ribs 7-12, and xiphoid process Central tendon Inspiration
Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis Lateral epicondyle of humerus 3rd metacarpal Extension of elbow and wrist; abduction of wrist
Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus 2nd metacarpal Extension of elbow and wrist; abduction of wrist
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Lateral epicondyle of humerus 5th metacarpal Extension of elbow and wrist; adduction of wrist
Extensor Digitorum Lateral epicondyle of humerus Middle and distal phalanges digits 2-5 Extension of elbow, wrist, and digits 2-5
External oblique Ribs 7-12 Iliac crest and abdominal aponeurosis Flexion, lateral flexion, and contralateral flexion of lumbar spine
Flexor carpi radialis Medial epicondyle of humerus 2nd metacarpal Flexion of elbow; flexion and abduction of wrist
Flexor carpi ulnaris Medial epicondyle of humerus Pisiform Flexion of elbow; flexion and adduction of wrist
Flexor Digitorum Profundus Proximal ulna Distal phalanges digits 2-5 Flexion of elbow, wrist, and digits 2-5
Flexor Digitorum Superficialis Medial epicondyle of humerus and proximal radius Middle phalanges digits 2-5 Flexion of elbow, wrist, and digits 2-5
Iliocostalis Thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, ribs 1-12 Ascending ribs 1-6, transverse processes C4-C7 Extension of neck, mid-back, and low back
Infraspinatus Infraspinus fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus External rotation and adduction of shoulder
Internal oblique Iliac crest, inguinal ligament Ribs 10-12 and abdominal aponeurosis Flexion, lateral rotation, and rotation of lumbar spine
Latissimus Spinous processes T6-T12, ribs 8-12, thoracolumbar fascia, posterior iliac crest, inferior angle of scapula Crest of lesser tubercle of humerus Extension, adduction, and internal rotation of shoulder; anterior tilting of pelvis
Levator scapula Superior angle of scapula Transverse processes C1-C4 Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of cervical spine; elevation and downward rotation of scapula
Longissimis Thoracolumbar fascia, transverse processes C3-T12 Ascending transverse processes C1-T12 and mastoid process of temporal bone Extension of head, neck, mid-back, and low back
Masseter Zygomatic arch of temporal bone Angle and ramus of mandible Elevation and protraction of mandible
Middle scalene Transverse processes C2-C7 1st rib Lateral flexion of cervical spine; elevation of rib during inspiration
Multifidus Sacrum and articular processes C3-L5 Spinous processes of adjacent, superior vertebae C2-L5 Extension, lateral flexion, and rotation of individual segments of spine
Obliquus Capitis Inferior Spinous process of C2 Transverse process of C1 Rotation and extension of C1
Obliquus Capitis Superior Transverse process of C1 Nuchal line of occiput Rotation and extension of head
Palmaris Longus Medial epicondyle of humerus Palmar fascia and flexor retinaculum Flexion of elbow and wrist; tension of palmar fascia
Pectoralis major Medial clavicle, sternum, cartilage of ribs 1-6 Crest of greater tubercle Flexion, horizontal adduction, adduction, internal rotation, and extension of shoulder
Pectoralis minor Ribs 3-5 Corocoid process of scapula Depression of scapula
Posterior scalene Transverse processes C4-C6 2nd rib Lateral flexion of cervical spine; elevation of rib during inspiration
Pronator Quadratus Lateral, distal radius Medial, distal ulna Pronation of elbow
Pronator teres Medial epicondyle of humerus Lateral, mid-radius Flexion and pronation of elbow
Quadratus Lumborum Iliac crest, iliolumbar ligament Rib 12 and transverse processes L1-L4 Elevation of pelvis and lateral flexion of lumbar spine
Rectus Abdominis Pubic crest and symphisis Xiphoid process and cartilage of ribs 5-7 Flexion of lumbar spine; posterior tilting of pelvis
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Spinous process of C2 Nuchal line of occiput Rotation and extension of head
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Posterior tubercle of C1 Nuchal line of occiput Extension of head
Rhomboid major Spinous processes T2-T6 Medial border of scapula (from spine of scapula to inferior angle) Adduction and downward rotation of scapula
Rhomboid minor Spinous processes C7-T1 Medial border of scapula (at spine of scapula) Adduction of scapula
Rotatores Transverse processes C3-L5 Spinous processes of adjacent, superior vertebae C2-L5 Extension and rotation of individual segments of spine
Semispinalis Transverse processes C2-T10 Ascending spinous processes C2-T4 and occipital bone Extension of head, neck, and mid-back
Serratus anterior Ribs 1-8 Anterior medial border of scapula Abduction and upward rotation of scapula
Splenius capitis Spinous processes C7-T3 Mastoid process Rotation, lateral flexion, and extension of cervical head
Splenius cervicis Spinous processes T4-T6 Transverse processes C1-C4 Rotation, lateral flexion, and extension of cervical spine
Spinalis Spinous processes T10-L2 Ascending spinous processes C7-T6 and ligamentum nuchae Extension of head, neck, and mid-back
Sternocleidomastoid Medial clavicle and manubrium Mastoid process Contralateral rotation, lateral flexion, and flexion of the cervical spine
Subclavius Inferior clavicle 1st rib Depression of clavicle
Subscapularis Subscapular fossa of scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus Internal rotation and adduction of shoulder
Supinator Lateral epicondye of humerus; proximal ulna Proximal radius Supination of elbow
Supraspinatus Supraspinus fossa of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus Adbuction of shoulder
Temporalis Temporal fossa Coronoid process of mandible Elevation of mandible
Teres major Inferior lateral border of scapula Lesser tubercle of humerus Internal rotation and adduction of shoulder
Teres minor Superior lateral border of scapula Greater tubercle of humerus External rotation and adduction of shoulder
Transverse Abdominus Inguinal ligament, iliac crest, ribs 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia Xipoid process, pubis, abdominal aponeurosis Forced expiration; compression of abdominal contents
Trapezius External occipital protuberence, ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes C7-T12 Lateral clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula Extension, lateral flexion, and contralateral rotation of the occiput; elevation of the shoulder girdle; downward rotation of the scapula
Triceps brachii Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula; posterior surface of humerus Olecranon process of ulna Extension of shoulder; extension of elbow
